A science fiction film uses a multiple depictions of phenomena's that aren't usually accepted by the mainstream society, for example extra-terrestrial life. This means that the codes and conventions are obviously going to be closely linked with science and technology. Sci-Fi films often focus on the political and social issues within our society, for example district 9, and explore philosophical issues such as the human condition. 
The codes and conventions of a sci-fi film include:- Being set in the future
- Alien worlds
- Time travel
- Spacecraft's
- Robots
- Alien abduction
- Conflict between aliens and humans
- Empires which repress society
- Rebels against the empire
Science fiction is a tool to look at social issues and controversial topics, and it also looks at possible issues that may occur in the future. When the audience sees these social issues in the a present setting, then the audience may find the film disturbing and difficult to watch. Therefore by providing the audience with a platform in which to watch these films in a less disturbing way, it can both entertain the audience while giving them knowledge on current issues. The development of technologies such as CGI, has made these films look more realistic, and therefore more entertaining.Sci-fi films often explore the Utopian and Dystopian storyline. The term utopia, is a term which describes a paradise, a positive future, while dystopia is used to describe the complete opposite, a society in which things have gone wrong, or are negative. The narrative usually establishes the type of future, and then uses the majority of the novel or film explaining the psychological effect this has on individuals.
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